During the reform of Europe at the beginning of the 19th century – provoked by the wars of independence under Napoleon in 1813 and the Congress of Vienna in 1815 – the kingdom of Prussia was enlarged by numerous territories. In 1816 some of these regions were united into the Prussian province of Saxony. For the central church administration a consistory was installed in Magdeburg. Since then the province of Saxony belonged to the Evangelical Church of the Prussian Union. In 1947 the Church Province of Saxony became an autonomous church. There are also some Reformed parishes on the territory of the church. The Evangelical Church of the Church Province of Saxony has a synodal structure and a bishop. It has partnership contacts with project groups, parishes and churches in Italy, Poland, the Czech Republic, England, North America and especially in Tanzania.

Together with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Thuringia the Evangelical Church of the Province of Saxony  has formed the Federation of Evangelical Churches of Middle Germany.