The Union of Baptist Churches of Cameroon grew out of the work of the Baptist Missionary Society (UK) which started in 1846. The first Baptist missionary came from Jamaica. As of 1884 the churches which later constituted the union were successively under the tutelage of the Berlin Mission, the Basel Mission, and finally, after World War I, the French Protestant Mission, from which the UEBC obtained its autonomy in 1957. The primary task of the union is evangelism and diakonia. Its vision is to remain a united church, formed and constituted dynamically in order to witness to Jesus Christ to the people in whose midst it wishes to live a full life.

In its strategy the union has developed during the past ten years its reflection and activities with the aim to open itself up. It has now two centres of theological training, one in the south and the other in the north of the country. It runs 25 primary and secondary schools and four hospitals, plus a number of community health centres. It is organized in 20 ecclesiastical regions or conventions, and has completed the construction of its national office which is the management centre of its work and human resources. The union is in the process of restructuring its international relations. Evangelism campaigns are held to expand the UEBC, scholarships are allocated for the formation of its personnel, and the union has an ecumenical project for the creation of a guest and meeting centre. The UEBC works closely with the European Baptist Mission which provides support for its activities.